Body Image in the Media :: Advertising Papers

How does the media influence our body pictorial matter? In what forms, does the media influence our perceptions about our body? These were the two questions that I asked myself in order to do the research paper and the panel discussion. In my opinion, I would agree that the media does influence and promote women and men to believe that the cultures standards for body image are ideal. Hence, the phrases, thin is in and the perfect body are two examples of eye-catching headlines that I observed in many women magazines. I learned that the media influences us through goggle box, fashion and health magazines, music videos, film, commercials, and various other advertisements. Sadly, as a result, this repeated exposure, the thin ideal, can lead many young girls in triggering eating disorders, depression, low self-esteem, stress, and suicide. After acquiring this relevant information, I decided to focus my research on what type of media influences unsophisticated school children and t he adolescent teenager. The tether central types of media that I found that did indeed influence body image are Fashion magazines, famous top-models and actresses, and teenage or young adult women in the music industry.According to the Seretean Center for Health Promotion, the term, body image has been coined to describe a persons inner sense of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the physical appearance of her/his body. (From The wellness Column, April 1, 1996.) In my research, I found that many young girls are dissatisfied with their bodies and many strive to look like the waif-thin models or actresses one sees on television or in fashion magazines. There was a lot of information and facts on body and image that I found on the Internet. However, one website, ripe Think Foundation, supported my belief that the media, magazines in particular, do indeed influence young girls to be thin in order to be popular and well-favoured in our society. For example, I was in alarmed t o learn that eighty percent of 10-year-old American girls diet more than five million Americans suffer from eating disorders and ninety percent of those are adolescent and young adult women the number one magic wish for young girls age 11-17 is to be thinner and between elementary and high school, the percentage of girls in the U.S. who are happy with the way I am drops from 60% to 29%.

The Presentation of the Inspector in An Inspector Calls :: J.B. Priestley An Inspector Calls Plays Essays

The Presentation of the Inspector in An Inspector CallsJ.B. Priestley was born in Yorkshire on 13th September 1894. Hegained his writing experience in the years before the war 1911-1914he did not work among professional writers he was slightly people whoread a great deal, cared a lot for at least one of the arts, andpreferred a real talk and enthusiastic arguments to social chit-chat. Despitehaving grown up into his fathers circle of socialist friends, hefound himself joining in in their political discussions/arguments. Itwas around this time that Priestley started to write in his frontattic bedroom. At the age of twenty, and at the outbreak of war, in 1914, he joinedthe infantry. He left in 1919, having seen active front-line servicein France and having narrowly escaped being killed when a German shellexploded three yards away from him and having been a victim of agas-attack. In An Inspector Calls, Priestley uses a lot of his political viewsin the Inspectors speeches by using him as a kind of a mouthpiece forhis socialism. The play was written in 1946 however it was set in1912, just before the outbreak of WWI. This was a new era when peoplewere no longer willing to give the poverty or the categorize system thathad gone before. Priestley strongly believed that everyone had someresponsibility for others in society and not just their own welfare. He established that change was coming and explores this theme in hisplay. Priestley believed that events are repeated over again unlesspeople face up to their past activities, like Eric and Sheila do, andonly this canister bring about a positive and equal change in society. At the start of the play, Act 1, Mr Birling is portrayed to theaudience as quite a self confident and opinionated person who doesntbelieve in collective responsibility. He feels he belongs to asocial class that makes him superior and somewhat divorced from othermembers of society. He has no concept of helping, or beingresponsible for others. T his is shown in Act 1 when he is with thefamily and his filles new fianc, Gerald Croft, celebrating theirengagement. He made a few speeches that give the audience a bad viewof him and make him look arrogant and ignorant. hardly because theKaiser makes a speech or twoEverything to loose with war, and nothingto gain. And to Eric, And I say there isnt a chance of warin aworld thatll have forgotten all these Capital versus Labouragitations and all these silly little war scares.

A Christmas Memory Vs. The Grass Harp :: essays research papers

The two stories, A Christmas memory board and The Grass Harp are strikingly similar due to the fact that Truman Capote wrote both stories. The settings of both stories are very similar. In The Grass Harp the setting is very sullen the season is fall, the days are always cloudy, and it is very slow moving in a small southern town. Similarly, A Christmas Memory has dismal and sluggish qualities of a southern, rural community in the dead of winter. The first lines of A Christmas Memory immediately establish the sad scene Imagine a morning modern in November. A coming of winter more than twenty years ago. Several elements of the story are parallel the settings, the nature of the friendships, the rejection by peers, and the characters love of nature. The relationships surrounded by Colin and Dolly in The Grass Harp, and pal and Cousin in A Christmas Memory are close regardless of the differences in age. In A Christmas Memory, comrade and Cousin have a large age split Buddy is seven and Cousin is in her sixties. In The Grass Harp, Colin and Dolly have a similar age difference. But they are close friends, because they do many things together. They lived in the tree together, as well as dancing with each other. Likewise, Buddy and Cousin have a close relationship and do many things do together. Buddy and Cousin make fruitcakes, find a Christmas tree, and make presents for each other. Buddy describes his relationship with Cousin by stating, We are each others best friends. Not only are the friendships in A Christmas Memory and The Grass Harp parallel, but the primary(prenominal) characters lives are quite. The main character of each story is a young boy. In A Christmas Memory, Buddy is the main character. In The Grass Harp, the main character is Colin. He is close to fifteen years old. He has no parents and no friends of his own age. He experiences great separation and sadness in his life. In the same way, Buddy has no parents, and his only friend is Cousin, a woman in her mid-sixties. They are best friends, and Buddy a great deal refers to her as my friend. My friend has a better haul, says Buddy, describing his Christmas presents in comparison to Cousins. When Cousin as Buddy if he is awake, he responds, It is my friend, calling from her room.

Anti-semitism In The Merchant Of Venice :: Free Merchant of Venice Essays

Anti-Semitism in The Merchant of VeniceIt is my strong belief that the act, "The Merchant of Venice", should betaught in classes. If this play was banned from schools it would most certainlybe a form of censorship. While minors rights are somewhat limited when it comesto this right, I think that all the same Minors should not be censored from this writing.The play teaches us about prejudice, and why it is wrong. People would seehow everyone was hurt at one time or another by a prejudice, whether it was theChristians making fun of Shylock or Shylock showing his prejudice to theChristians. I imagine that anyone watching, listening or read this playwould see how everyone was hurt, and would learn of racisms faulty basiss forjudging someone.Some people would get down you think that the play itself is racist, andprovides a forum in which racism weed grow and become only a bigger problem. Ithink that this is a flawed way of looking at it. I see the play as aconfrontation of a modern day problem which society still faces. Rather thanproviding a forum for racism to grow, the play provides a forum for anti-racismdiscussion, if all proper steps are taken. When I say if all proper steps aretaken, I am referring to having this play taught by a teacher, who can explainthe plays meaning in its fullest so that the students do not miss any importantpoints from it.Another point that may have been missed when the presentation was made tothe school board to ban the material from universe taught inside the school systemwas that everyone is bad in the play. The Christians portrayal was retributory as badas the Jewish man, Shylocks portrayal. In fact I think that the play gave aworse portrayal of the Christians because they ended up being the most evil,through taking away everything that Shylock had and making him become Christian.While Shylock did want to kill someone, the punishment invoked on him was evenworse.As you can see, there are many reasons why "The Me rchant of Venice" shouldbe taught in classrooms. A. Whitney Griswold said in a speech (1952), "Bookswont stay banned. They wont burn. Ideas wont go to jail. In the long run ofhistory, the censor and the inquisitor have always lost.

Business Ethics Essay -- Philosophy Morality Papers

Business EthicsBusiness ethics is a multifaceted field that cannot be defined with a single definition. This area addresses numerous issues, problems, and dilemmas within the management of businesses. It does this through numerous perspectives and methods. Of course, in order to present the complexities of business ethics, we must look the types of issues that business professionals are confronted with all the time. Business ethics not only portray to humans, but also to how businesses treat the environment.My father stated to me that the enterprise in which he is engaged in, and the products or services that they market, should serve an inherently ethical purpose and that a companies primary ethical responsibilities are defined by the nature of their objectives and also of the relations when formulating their companys ethical standards. This usually requires statements of corporate responsibilities. Most of the codes describe the companys commitment toward certain groups rather th an prescribing ethical conduct for specific situations. His responsibility is not only to our stockholders, but also to our clients, the other employees and their families, our local community residents, and all of society at large. Our profit comes about through our effort to promote the successfulness of the community as a whole. Does your company take advantage of clients, due to the position that they have money?In some ways they do for the fact that we will quote a price to have the complete seal designed and manufactured to a client. The actual cost and materials it takes to make the seals is a pack less than they are charging. I mean that one rubber mold can make two seals and yet we charge them for one seal and then use the excess to make ... ...ys Americans have a belief that they have set for themselves and for the rest of the world a high example of individual freedom. Americans became a nation with the understanding that government action should not restrict the free dom of individuals to follow their own consciences. Employees are the first to know if something within an organization is not legally or ethically right. Unfortunately they are also the last to speak out about such problems. Know body wants to be a whistle blower on the very company that they are working for. Each corporation should provide an employee bill of rights as well as a system of appeals to guarantee these rights and as a condition of employment, workers at every level should be allowed to voice their concerns about the companys activities or policies. They should also be afforded a fair hearing in order to voice these concerns.

Business Ethics Essay -- Philosophy Morality Papers

Business EthicsBusiness ethics is a sundry(a) field that cannot be define with a single definition. This area addresses numerous issues, problems, and dilemmas in spite of appearance the management of workes. It does this through numerous perspectives and methods. Of course, in order to present the complexities of business ethics, we must explore the types of issues that business professionals are confronted with all the time. Business ethics not only portray to humans, but also to how businesses treat the environment.My father verbalise to me that the enterprise in which he is engaged in, and the products or services that they market, should serve an inherently ethical purpose and that a companies primary ethical responsibilities are defined by the nature of their objectives and also of the relations when formulating their companys ethical standards. This usually requires statements of corporate responsibilities. Most of the codes describe the companys commitment toward certai n groups rather than prescribing ethical conduct for peculiar(prenominal) situations. His responsibility is not only to our stockholders, but also to our clients, the other employees and their families, our local community residents, and all of society at large. Our profit comes about through our stew to promote the prosperity of the community as a whole. Does your company take advantage of clients, due to the fact that they have m maviny?In some shipway they do for the fact that we will quote a price to have the complete seal designed and manufactured to a client. The actual cost and materials it takes to father the seals is a lot less than they are charging. I mean that one rubber mold can make two seals and yet we charge them for one seal and then use the excess to make ... ...ys Americans have a belief that they have set for themselves and for the rest of the world a high voice of individual freedom. Americans became a nation with the understanding that government action s hould not restrict the freedom of individuals to follow their own consciences. Employees are the first to know if something within an organization is not legally or ethically right. Unfortunately they are also the last to speak out about such problems. Know carcass wants to be a whistle blower on the very company that they are working for. Each corporation should provide an employee bill of rights as rise as a system of appeals to guarantee these rights and as a condition of employment, workers at every level should be allowed to voice their concerns about the companys activities or policies. They should also be afforded a fair hearing in order to voice these concerns.

Expansion Opportunities Abroad Essay

With the proposed expansion of CPI in other countries like Brazil and the some European states, we look at to consider three things 1) the market share of giant corporations in the same business, 2) the companys with child(p) size, and 3) the legal injury elasticity of the products to be sold (in those countries). enchantment all these factors are of salience in the companys operations, it is assumed that the relative complexity of the market is an avenue of uncertainty. Other factors like political stability may influence considerably the companys operations as much as the presence of giant corporations in the business.The presence of giant corporations in the same business can be staved-off by setting commercial offices in places that are without the presence of these corporations. For example, if giant corporations are well concentrated in a particular city, the company should establish subsidiaries in semi-urban areas. This would stave off competition as well as maximizing t he limited consumer base (semi-urban areas deport a considerable consumer size). The companys capital size should also be considered. large(p) provides a firm the working materials to produce goods and services to the public. Capital and labor make up the so-called inputs of production of a firm. Therefore, if the company is going to expand overseas, it must first negotiate on the volume of capital that is needed for expansion (and of course, the associated risk). In this baptistry, 5 to 20 % of the companys capital will be used for expansion. This is a fair evaluation of risks pertain in the venture as well as the proposed distribution of capital in host countries.The real problem though lies in determining the price elasticities of products to be sold in the market. Although the company fared well by concentrating its sale to regional places, this would not be the same when it goes international. Price elasticities generally become permanent and somewhat inflexible once prices also become inflexible. The implication those companies with large capital bases will tend to survive those with small capital bases will any merge to survive or exit in the market.Even if the company set-up subsidiaries in semi-urban places to prevent competition, there is no assurance of success. Below we shall discuss constitution and definition of price elasticities. There are two primary types of elasticities price elasticity of demand and price elasticity of supply. Here we are concerned nevertheless with the former since the companys expansion abroad depends on the sensitivity of consumer demand to price changes. Price elasticity is defined as the measure of reactivity of a factor or variable to another factor or variable (Buchholz, 1996).Price elasticity of demand is defined as the measure of responsiveness of measuring demanded to a change in price, all other things held constant (ceteris paribus) (Price Elasticity of Demand, 2007). General relations of price elastici ty of demand If PED 1 whence Demand is Price Elastic If PED = 1 then Demand is Unit Elastic (equal response) If PED 1 then Demand is Price Inelastic In the case of products manufactured by CPI, specifically Super Clean, it generally experiences the third relation.If Super Clean raises the prices of its product by 5%, percentage change in quantity demanded would be less. The implication by setting subsidiaries in places where there is the minimal presence of giant corporations, Super Clean would be able to control minimally the prices of its product due perhaps to the relative inflexibility of consumer demand. This would maximize profit. Even if giant corporations enter, revenues would tend to be stable because consumer demand is stable. This would generally reduce the boilers suit risk of the company.

Factors that influence public trust in government Essay

arrogance is an intricate interpersonal as well as organizational construct, which occurs when parties who consecrate certain favorable experiences of from each one another(prenominal) allow this relationship to develop and reach the expected levels. Trust is an effective way through which social, economic and political relationship transaction be can be lowered . In political arena, citizens may either be intrusted or distrusted in their capacities to choose elected officials or frequent for a variety of state-supported policies based on the evaluation of citizens competence to make decisions in this domain.Government officials, on the other hand, may be trusted or distrusted in coming up with and implementing exoteric policy, based on the expectations of knowledge as well as the expertise of the officials involved in the policy making process. There is a large proportion of the U. S population that continues to distrust the political relation in spite of the presence of an assortment of programs aimed at restoring public trust in presidential term . Lack of trust in administration by the mint is strongly associated to the way people feel concerning the overall state of a country.Read moreInfluences that affect childrens development essay nonetheless though personal satis positionion is slowly increasing and authorisation in local and national political relation is increasing due to presence of a thriving economy, restoration in amplification to maintenance of public avocation remains a major and challenging objective . Regardless of the fact that the national mood and trust in the establishment have increased since the middle 1990s, a considerable proportion of the United States citizens is still highly unsatisfied with the status of the nation, an aspect that lowers their trust in disposal .Besides persistent hassle concerning the moral health of American society, a doer that lowers the satisfaction of the people to the state of the nation, lack of contentment with the honesty of the elected officials is another major fixings that leads to distrust of administration. A variety of ethical concerns are now lowering the positive attitudes of the American people towards the governance. Dissatisfaction with political leaders is one of the most primal factors that extend in lack of trust in government by the people .This is due to the numerous criticisms of the way politicians, who form the functional part of the government, carries bulge their duties. However, there is no clear indication that discontentment and distrust with the government are near a crisis phase . The public desire to be served by government officials has remained steady for more than three decades. Distrust and discontentment with the government has not resulted in disregard for nations laws. It also does not eat into patriotism or discourage public officials from carrying out their duties.Even in multiplication when public trust in govern ment has gone down, a destiny of the population still recommend a government job to their children. Lack of trust in government does not imply that the public is angry at it rather it implies that the level of frustration emanating from poor deli very(prenominal) of services by government officials is very high. Increase in the level of frustration deteriorates the quality in addition to the nature of dialogue between the Americans and their leaders. Factors that work out public trust in governmentLack of trust in government by the people is one disastrous factor that can negatively impact on the functioning of the government. This is due to the fact that numerous governmental activities call for cooperation between the government and the people. Without the cooperation of the people, it would be totally impossible for the government to implement nigh policies . Besides challenges in implementation of policies, distrust in government has got other adverse consequences. few of th ese negative consequences are that voter turnout during presidential elections has be enter significantly low .In democratic nations, the trust of the people in government is a major factor that contributes to the growth of economy in addition to providing a base on which political leaders can make rational decisions. The magnitude of public trust in government influences the ability of the government to generate the revenue required to support public programs . However, it can also be considered as disastrous factor for people to totally trust the government without questioning its operations. position total trust in the government may result in the government degenerating into making unavailing and bad policies.In a number of studies conducted by the Pew enquiry Center for The People and The Press to determine the factors that result in distrust in government, Americans were revealed to be less critical of the government in dissimilar ways as compared to the way it was in the p revious decades . Even though these studies revealed increased distrust in government by the people, evaluation of public workers and specific government departments found out that the delivery of services had modify drastically over the last few years.These studies revealed that only a few people criticize the federal government as compared to the case in the 1990s, when the government was regarded as inefficient, wasteful, unresponsive and too stringent. The numbers of those who think that business operations are negatively affected by the strict regulation strategies employed by the government were also revealed to have dropped. Nevertheless, distrust of government by the American population remains substantial, only less than 40% of the population maintains its trust in the government all the time .More than 50% of the population makes it clear that they are frustrated by the government rather than angered by it . Currently, in the United States as revealed by Pew Research Cent er for The People and The Press, more people have trust in local government than they have in federal government . This is a factor contrary to the way it was about two decades ago, when Americans were more contented with the federal government than with the local government. Trust in state and local government has however grown considerably along with considerable reduction in trust in federal government .Pew Research Center surveys however did not reveal presence of adverse consequences to the country as a result of distrust in government. one(a) of the major factors that influence the public trust in government is the mode of operation of the politicians who lead the government. Failure of elected officials to serve the public in symmetry with the interest of the people results in decline of public trust in government. Incompetence of elected officials also results in deterioration of public trust in government. Public trust in government comprise of expectation of fiduciary ob ligation and responsibility .The perception of fiduciary responsibility is grounded on the belief that some people in society have moral obligation as well as the responsibility to express special concern for interest of others preceding(prenominal) their own. In policy development, fiduciary obligation is illuminated by the expectation that politicians and other public officials will develop policies that will benefit the public in addition to making decisions based on the interest of the public rather than on personal and partisan gains . Citizens willingly go along with policies they regard as convenient and made inside a legitimate process.On the contrary, citizens do not go along with policies they regard as problematic and developed within illegitimate procedures . Development of policies is therefore a major factor that determines whether the public will have trust in the government or not. Various factors that exhale from the developed policies may also lead to development of or decline in public trust in government. These policy out haps include peace, prosperity, in addition to other desirable aspects that are associated with public satisfaction with the services of the government .The direction of the country is the other factor that determines the level of public trust in government. Perception that everything is going in the right direction results in increase in trust of public trust in government. On the contrary, if citizens perceive that everything the government does in addition to the direction of the country is not headed in the right direction they may lose their trust in government. In addition, public perception that the government officials are to blame for the adverse circumstances that lock the country, may result in a decline of public trust in government .The ability of the government to provide security to the public is another factor that can increase public trust in government. The public elects public officials expecting them t o come up with policies and strategies aimed at generating and maintaining security of the nation. Failure to develop security policies lowers public trust in government, whereas development of security policies in addition to implementation of these policies results in augmentation of public trust in government. A government that does not guarantee security to its people should not expect the public to have trust in it .Reverence to the rights of individuals is the other factor that broadly influences the trust of the public in government. Citizens look upon the government to protect them from violation of their rights. If a government is characterized by rampant violation of the rights of citizens, it should not expect to have public trust in it. People highly detest government officials who violate their rights. Public trust is very low in a government that does not guarantee protection of the rights of individuals who make up the greater community. Nevertheless, public trust i n government increases when government officials respect the rights of citizens.Economic trend is the other factor that can greatly affect the level of public trust in government. The public looks upon the government to come up with strategies aimed at providing a base for economic growth. Failure of the government to develop such policies destroys its trust by the public. Research conducted by Pew Research Center survey concerning public trust in government make it clear that the trust of Americans in their government tend to increase at times when the country is enjoying economic growth and decline when the country is going through economic recession .Presidential approval is the other factor that may influence public trust in government. Perception that the president is incompetent and does not handle national matters in an appropriate manner may result in a decline in public trust in government. The president occupies a core position in government and as such, he/she is undecid ed to public scrutiny. If the public is contented with the way the president handles national matters, its trust in government is likely to increase. Presidential approval is based to a great extent on economic growth.The public tends to lay the blame of emergence of adverse economic conditions such as lack of employment, inflation and loss of jobs on the president. High rate of unemployment results in decline of public trust in government . The mode of service delivery by civil servants is a major factor that may destroy or build public trust in the government. This takes into account the mode of delivery of service in numerous government sectors including health, education, welfare, transport, security, and environment among many others.Higher values of public contentment with the mode of service delivery by public service officials illuminate trust in government by the people. Accountability of the government also influences public trust. Implementation of strategies that allow f or easy access to government information in order to pronounce performance and results is the other factor that influences public trust in government. A large proportion of the publics trust rests on the governments open accountability for its decisions, policies and mistakes .A government that operates in privacy and refuses to reveal its mode of operation to the public is in essence getting rid of the publics capacity to scrutinize as well as hold the government accountable. Access to information concerning the governments mode of operation and outcomes of various government activities, is vital to increasing the capacity of the public to scrutinize the performance of the government in addition to holding the government responsible. Lack of information implies that the public cannot comprehend the context in which decisions on national matters are made .Governments accountability builds public trust in it due to the fact that information concerning the performance of government o fficials is disclosed, and strategies through which waste, inefficiency, misconduct and corruption can be tackled are developed . Conclusion It can therefore be think that there are numerous factors that greatly influence the public trust in government not only in the United States, but throughout the world. Lack of trust in government by the people is one disastrous factor that can negatively impact on the functioning of the government.Putting total trust in the government may also be disastrous as it may result in the government degenerating into making ineffective and bad policies. One of the major factors that influence the public trust in government is the mode of operation of the politicians who lead the government. The direction of the country is the other factor that determines the level of public trust in government. Perception that everything is going in the right direction results in increase in trust of public trust in government.The ability of the government to provide security to the public is another factor that can increase public trust in government. Reverence to the rights of individuals is the other factor that greatly influences the trust of the public in government. Citizens look upon the government to protect them from violation of their rights. Economic trend is the other factor that can greatly affect the level of public trust in government. The public looks upon the government to come up with strategies aimed at providing a base for economic growth.Failure of the government to develop such policies destroys its trust by the public. The mode of service delivery by civil servants is a major factor that may destroy or build public trust in the government. Bibliography Braithwaite, Valerie and Levi, Margaret. Trust and governance, ISBN 0871541351 Russell Sage Foundation, 2003. Chanley, Virginia. Rudolph, Thomas. and Rahn, Wendy. The Origins and Consequences of Public Trust in Government A Time Series Analysis, Public legal opinion Quarte rly 64, (2000) 239-256 Dalton, Russell. The social transformation of trust in government, International Review OfSociology, 15, no 1 (2005) 133-154 Halloran, Liz. 2010, Pew Poll Trust in Government Hits Near-Historic Low, http//www. npr. org /templates/ trading floor/story. php? storyId=126047343 (viewed on venerable 2, 2010). Hibbing, John and Theiss-Morse, Elizabeth. What is it about government that Americans dislike? ISBN 0521796318 Cambridge University Press, 2001. Open The Government, n. d. Public Trust & Accountability, http//www. openthegovernment. org /article/articleview/32/1/15 (viewed on August 2, 2010). Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Trust in government ethicsmeasures in OECD countries, ISBN 9264185194 OECD Publishing, 2000. Pew Research Center. 1998, How Americans View Government Deconstructing Distrust, http//people-press. org/report/95/how-americans-view-government (viewed on August 2, 2010) Trattner, John. Government and public trust views from the top selected reading from the John C. Whitehead Forum of the Council for Excellence in Government, 1997-2001, ISBN 0761823131 University Press of America, 2002. Warren, Mark. Democracy and trust, ISBN 0521646871 Cambridge University Press, 1999

Trade blocs: Economics and politics Essay

barter BlocsThe key term in this essay is Trading axis vertebra and my interest in this term has been as a response of the major economic changes that have taken place across the world. I have been able to note that there have been great developments in outside(a) craft and business (Haftel, 2004). Economic integration is considered as the new form of reality in carrying out transnational business (Macho-Stadler, & Xue, 2007). Business institutions as wholesome as governments have formulated various institutions, agreements and treaties which help in dealing with treat differences, allow and boost the movement of goods, services and exchange across boundaries of countries knotty (Chase, 2005). Furthermore, my interest is as a result of the business relationships that I have noted between my country and that of the other nations.A Trading bloc tin can be defined as countries that have come together to form a peg down that is closely involved in business and international a ddress with each other. The countries that form the occupation blocs are oftentimes related to each other through a mutual agreement known as bump trade agreement or even other form of association which promotes trade within those countries and among the countries involved (Macho-Stadler, & Xue, 2007). The work blocs often have rules and regulations which have been set to govern how the classifyicle countries relate with each other on business and international trade matters while separate rules and regulations set for non-members that want to trade with the member countries (Egger, 2004). The purpose of the trading blocs organic law is to help eliminate trade barriers as well as help correct coordination and cooperation among member countries in terms of international trade. The different types include Free Trade Areas, Common Market, Customs Union, Economic Union and Political Union (Krishna, 2005).Article Summary The article From the Outside smell In The Effect of Tr ading Blocs on Trade Disputes in the GATT/WTO, written by Haftel, Y. Z. (2004) is a journal that discusses the effect of trading blocs on resolution of trade disputes between member countries. There have been major expansion and increase in the number of trading blocs in international trade, which have become part of the economies across the world (Haftel, 2004). Trading blocs have negative effects on third parties whereby there is multilateral trade taking place between countries and non-member countries. Non-member countries are often affected negatively as a result of the trading blocs as compared to the way the member countries are affected. The non-member states often tend to take political action against the trading blocs, which in turn results in to negative effects and fails to assist in the resolution of trade disputes (Haftel, 2004).From this article, the author notes that WTO ( macrocosm Trade Organization) has become atomic number 53 of the major organizations that help in enhancing international or multilateral trade between countries across the world. The WTO has a system through which disputes can be colonised between countries that are in disagreement on trade issues (Haftel, 2004). Furthermore, the author notes that there has been a lot of concentration by scholars on the effects that trading blocs have on the members and on the other hand they have paid very little, if any, attention to the effects that those trading blocs have on third parties or the non-member states. Trading blocs affect the prices of products from non-member states whereby the member states enjoy better prices for their produce as compared to the non-members, despite producing similar products (Haftel, 2004).The third parties often suffer since the members of the trading blocs change trade the products of the member countries, which in some cases are often cheap (Haftel, 2004). This in turn affects their production since the market share that their products command is o vertaken by the trading blocs members. establishment of trading blocs has been part of international trade and nearly every country across the world has engaged in trading blocs (Haftel, 2004). However, despite the fact that trading blocs attract a lot of attention, scholars as well as policymakers have failed to fully define and appreciate the fact that these trading blocs have negative impacts on third parties and other multilateral institutions. Non-Member states often feel short-changed therefrom resulting in a lot of disputes brought by the non-member states (Haftel, 2004).Discussion The primary reason that brought about the formation of trading blocs by countries across the world was to help improve on international trade between members by eliminating trade barriers (Macho-Stadler, & Xue, 2007). The members of a trading bloc enjoy several benefits which include free movement of goods and services between member states, reduction of trade tariffs on their products, and im provement of economic standards of the member countries. Furthermore, trading blocs also help in the improvement of cooperation and collaboration between member states hence political and economic stability in the member states (Krishna, 2005). Furthermore, trading blocs helps improve on competition, increase in productivity as well as affordability in price of products. In addition, it has also been seen that trading blocs helps in creation of participation in the member countries as a result of the increase in trade within the region hence better living standards for the citizens of the member countries.However, as noted by Haftel, (2004), trading bloc benefits the members while on the other hand, causes a lot of negative economic impacts on the non-member states. The formation of trading blocs often endangers firms that are less efficient in the non-member states since they lack the market for their products (Haftel, 2004). There is also the danger of over-exploitation of the co untries that are less efficient by countries that are efficient, hence causing an increase the wealth-gap whereby the advanced countries continue to become richer while countries that are less developed become poorer. Therefore, it is important to strike a balance on how member states and the non-member countries can continue to trade (Egger, 2004). Despite trading blocs being important in international trade, disputes will continue to arise from the non-member countries since there is no uniformity in trade regulations.ReferencesChase, K. A. (2005). Trading blocs States, firms, and regions in the world economy. Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press.Egger, P. (2004). Estimating Regional Trading Bloc Effects with Panel Data. Review Of World Economics, 140(1), 151-166.Haftel, Y. Z. (2004). From the Outside Looking In The Effect of Trading Blocs on Trade Disputes in the GATT/WTO. International Studies Quarterly, 48(1), 121-142. doi10.1111/j.0020-8833.2004.00294.xKrishna, P. (2005). Tr ade blocs Economics and politics. Cambridge Cambridge University Press.Macho-Stadler, I., & Xue, L. (2007). Winners and Losers from the Gradual Formation of Trading Blocs. Economica, 74(296), 664-681. doi10.1111/j.1468-0335.2007.00589.xSource document

Global Media Intelligence Report

The b exclusively-shaped Media Intelligence Report family line 2010 The Global Media Intelligence Report Companies worldwide will sp curio nearly half a trillion dollars on advertising this year. But expenditure that money wisely is more than of a ch eitherenge now than ever before because of the changes brought more or less by the growing importance of digital media. To meet that challenge, marketers need dependable data about evolving economic conditions, consumer spending patterns, media employment habits and competitor spending levels.And transnational corporations and their agencies need to comp ar and contrast these trends across characters and countries. Finally, there is the inexorable world(prenominal) shift to digital, where both consumers and marketers are spending more time and money. Yet for all but the most developed markets, there is a lack of objective, credible information available to help marketers strategize and execute their digital marketing plans. Whi ch is precisely why we created this report. In true collaboration, eMarketer produced this Global Media Intelligence report with the help of Starcom MediaVest Group (SMG).The report covers media usage developments, advertising spending and marketing trends for six regions worldwide, as tumesce as detailed information for 29 countries. Under the leadership of Kate Sirkin, EVP of Global Research, the SMG team helped identify and gather the most compelling data from lead-in look for sources in both local and core global markets. eMarketer then crunched the numbers, evaluating and analyzing data from multiple research sources, including SMG and other respected firms that have longstanding presence and unintelligible knowledge of their respective geographic markets.We believe this intelligent aggregation and analysis approach yields a far more accurate and objective picture of the global marketplace than any single research source could provide. We are sincerely grateful to the resea rch firms who generously agreed to have their data featured in this report, the names of whom are too numerous to be listed here, but can be seen in the many citations in the pages that follow. Laura Desmond Global chief executive officer Starcom MediaVest Group Geoff Ramsey CEO and Co-Founder eMarketer Asia-Pacific Overview Australia China India Japan southward KoreaAP-1 AP-2 AP-6 AP-9 AP-12 AP-16 CE-1 CE-2 CE-4 CE-6 CE-7 CE-11 LA-1 LA-2 LA-5 LA-7 LA-9 LA-11 LA-15 LA-17 MA-1 MA-2 MA-4 MA-6 NA-1 NA-2 NA-6 WE-1 WE-2 WE-5 WE-9 WE-14 WE-16 WE-18 WE-22 EAP-1 ECE-1 ELA-1 EMA-1 ENA-1 EWE-1 Central and vitamin Eern Europe Overview Bulgaria Czech Republic Romania Russia Serbia Latin the States Overview Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Mexico Peru Venezuela Middle East and Africa Overview Egypt Lebanon Saudi Arabia atomic number 7 the States Overview Canada US Western Europe Overview France Germany Italy Netherlands Portugal Spain UK EndnotesAsia-Pacific Central and Eastern Europe Latin Am erica Middle East and Africa North America Western Europe The Global Media Intelligence Report September 2010 i Executive Summary Take a global advertising/media assiduity that has been liberation through seismic changes (most notably, the inexorable shift toward digital channels), add a worldwide recession, and you have a situation that can confuse take down the savviest marketers. The subroutine of this Global Media Intelligence report is to help you make sense of the often-conflicting data and shed some light on the trends that will have the most extend to on your business.Some of the most obviousand the most important I The global recession sped up the shift of marketing dollars to digital in large evolution markets such as China, India and Brazil. I Mobile phone usage has become the dominant form of communication in emerging markets, in some cases even overtaking TV. I In developed regions, marketers can engage the consumer at multiple access points (e. g. , TV, online, unsettled, out-of-home) virtually simultaneously, providing opportunities for cross-channel and integrated campaigns. But the data also gives a glimpse into early-stage developments that should give marketers food for thought.For example I Is the aging of the large UK internet audience an early indicator of a trend that could lead to greater penetration throughout Western Europe? I Given the disparate internet adoption rates throughout Central and Eastern Europe, will industrious be more attractive to marketers in the region? I The recession accelerated the shift of budgets to the Asia-Pacific region will that pace of change continue? I What accounts for the relatively strong media markets in Latin America compared with the rest of the world? I How can marketers make the most of opportunities in the Middle East and Africa, which, maculation assuage relatively mall, show the fastest growth rates in the world? I Is the increase in at-home media usage in North America a temporary sh ift spurred by the recession, or does it signal a permanent change in media consumption habits in the worlds leading online market? In the following pages, you will find detailed data that should prove invaluable in helping you decide which media to use, which consumers to target with which digital platforms, and which regions and unmarried markets offer the best potential return on every marketing dollar in 2011 and beyond.The Global Media Intelligence Report September 2010 ii The Global Media Intelligence Report Asia-Pacific September 2010 Asia-Pacific With the exception of Australia and Japan, AsiaPacific weathered the global economic recession from 2008 to 2009 better than the rest of the largest regional markets in the world. This was due primarily to the emergent consumer classes of China and India, whose full potential remains to be tapped. Many in marketing and advertising believe that Asia-Pacific and other developing regions represent the greatest opportunities for indu stry growth.Most agree that the global recession accelerated this shift. eMarketers own data on advertising spending supports this theory. Asia-Pacific is in second place behind North America in total media ad spending and will continue to pull away from Western Europe as the market matures, reaching $173. 2 billion in 2014. Asia-Paci? c Total Media Advertising Spending Metrics, 2009-2014 billions, % of total and % change 2009 Worldwide Asia-Paci? c % of worldwide % change $465. 1 27. 6% -5. 0% 2010 $482. 6 28. 0% 5. 3% 2011 $495. 0 28. 5% 4. 4% 2012 $523. 4 29. 2% 8. 3% 2013 $543. 30. 0% 6. 6% 2014 $564. 0 30. 7% 6. 3% eMarketer excludes mobile advertising from online spending estimates. Based on the high penetration of mobile devices in Asia-Pacific, mobile spending should also contribute to overall increases in spending on digital media. Asia-Paci? c Online Advertising Spending Metrics, 2009-2014 billions, % of total and % change 2009 Worldwide Asia-Paci? c % of worldwide % chang e $55. 2 $11. 0 19. 9% 5. 7% 2010 $61. 8 $12. 6 20. 4% 14. 7% 2011 $68. 7 $14. 6 21. 2% 15. 5% 2012 $79. 0 $17. 4 22. 0% 19. 4% 2013 $87. 4 $19. 6 22. 4% 12. 6% 2014 $96. $22. 2 22. 9% 13. 3% Note includes banner ads, search, rich media, video, classi? ed, sponsorships, lead generation and email excludes mobile ad spending Source eMarketer, June 2010 118084 118084 www. eMarketer. com South Korea and Japan consist of experienced media usersthe youngest generations have been exposed to the internet, broadband and mobile digital technologies for their entire lives, while older generations have worked with most of the technology still in use today. The result is penetration rates of 90% or higher for both traditional and digital media.China and India are at the other end of the spectrum, as the younger generation begins to enter a middle class with high expectations for advancement and access to all media. This demographic includes young and newly urbanise consumers who make up the fas test-growing population of internet users in the world, pegged by eMarketer at 581. 6 million in 2010. Australia falls in the middle with a more diverse, Westernized economy. However, government investment in broadband technology over the next six years could vault Australia into a eading position for internet use and media consumption worldwide. Along with South Korea and Japan, Australia already has a well-developed online ad market, accounting for around 20% of total media spending. $128. 4 $135. 1 $141. 1 $152. 8 $162. 9 $173. 2 Note includes direct mail, internet (excluding mobile), magazines, newspapers, outdoor, radio, TV (broadcast and cable), yellow pages and other Source eMarketer, June 2010 118083 www. eMarketer. com 118083 The region will increase its share of worldwide ad spending from 28% in 2010 to 30. 7% in 2014.Higher growth rates will allow AsiaPacific to close in on North America and eventually surpass it one-time(prenominal) beyond the current forecast period. O nline advertising will show double-digit growth from 2010 to 2014, but from a smaller base. By 2014, online ad spending in the region will hit $22. 2 billion, 22. 9% of the worldwide total. Online will increase as a portion of total spending in Asia-Pacific from 8. 6% in 2009 to 12. 8% in 2014, lagging behind the share of dollars that will go online in North America and Western Europe. The Global Media Intelligence Report September 2010 AP-1 AustraliaAs in most developed countries, total media spending dropped in Australia during the recession, with researchers estimating declines of 5% (Carat Insight, March 2010) to 8. 4% (ZenithOptimedia, April 2010 MAGNA, May 2010) in 2009. This year has brought a return to growth, with all researchers predicting moderate increases in spending through 2012. Spending forecasts this year converge around $10 billion. The online picture is rosier, with 2009 growth estimates of at least 9%. Double-digit increases are expected through 2012, when both M AGNA and ZenithOptimedia predict online ad spending ill reach $2. 1 billion in the country. The importance of online advertising in Australia reflects its advanced internet user population. eMarketer estimates that more than two-thirds of people in Australia accessed the internet at least once a month in 2009. In 2010, internet users reached a total of 14. 8 million and are forecast to hit 16 million in 2014. Data from Roy Morgan Single Source Australia indicated that while TV maintain its status as the most widespread medium with 92. 6% penetration, mobile phones surged to become the secondmost-widespread device, at 85. % in 2009. Internet usage nearly doubled as users spent 7 more hours online per week in 2009 than in 2005. Web users in Australia are among regional leaders in social media usage as well. Population in Australia, 2000-2010 millions 21. 3 21. 5 20. 5 20. 7 21. 0 19. 8 20. 0 20. 2 19. 1 19. 3 19. 5 Media Penetration in Australia, 2000, 2005 & 2009 % of adult populat ion 2000 TV viewers* Mobile phone owners Magazine readers Internet users (home) Newspaper readers** Radio listeners* Pay-TV subscribers 93. 4% 51. 0% 88. 1% 39. 6% 85. 0% 68. 9% 21. 3% 2005 92. 5% 78. 4% 85. 9% 64. % 83. 8% 65. 2% 25. 1% 2009 92. 6% 85. 2% 80. 7% 75. 6% 75. 6% 61. 7% 25. 9% Note ages 18+ *on a normal weekday **past 7 days excludes community newspapers Source Roy Morgan Single Source Australia, December 2009 provided to eMarketer by Starcom MediaVest Group, June 1, 2010 115347 115347 www. eMarketer. com demographic Pro? le of Media Users in Australia, 2009 % of total Internet users (home) Mobile phone owners TV viewers* Pay-TV subscribers** Radio listeners* Magazine readers Newspaper readers*** Gender Male effeminate Age 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Income

Slavery and Red Stick Creeks

boloney of Angola Free Blacks, Red Stick Creeks, and International Intrigue in Spanish Southwest Florida, 1812-1821. Tale of Angola Free Blacks, Red Stick Creeks, and International Intrigue in Spanish Southwest Florida, 1812-1821 by jog Brown Jr. talks about the kindred between let go blacks of Florida who were also known as the maroon concourse fighting a long with Red Stick Creeks Indians and international protagonist against European men to keep the black people free.Also it talks about a piece of history in the state of Florida that no one knew anything about. With the help of these people the free blacks and some slaves were able to keep their freedom. Since there where non likewise many documented information much of the information comes from memories of past marooners or ancestors of those who knew the free blacks and/or the Red Stick Creeks. I think that this article gives a good examples on how black people and Indians fought together and formed military tactic to h ave the tho slave revolt in US history.According to article, Individuals who had arrived from the United States after the Revolutionary War who were unsuccessful of overthrowing Spain rule in the colony started the patriot war of 1812-1814. The text states that in September 1812 Seminoles and blacks allied with Spain turned back a patriot advance only to run absent when they thought that the unobjectionable men would return. After hearing about the people called Angola which spread within the Spanish empire and also to the British, not only did These blacks also received help from Indians they also was helped by two British officers named Edward Nicolls and George Woodbine.These two men helped to created Floridas second free- black refuge of the period and helped them bill a fortified outstation known as Negro Fort. These men and women got guns and weapons from the British and Spanish connections. They learned how to use them and the Indians knew the land so it was easy for the m to escape capture. They launched a series of diplomatic initiatives. In 1819 the Spanish tried to protect blacks and Indians by agreeing to the Adams-onis Treaty that transferred the colonies of east and west Florida to the united states by utting a certain language in the pact. dismantle though this did not work it showed that Spain was trying to use political power to help them. Also, many of times after these attacks on these people the ones who could get away to safety got picked up by fisherman and taken to the Bahamas were British officials allowed them to stay. This was a good article to read because I dont know too much about Floridas history because I am not from here and I never heard of the Angola people.I found it interesting that British and the Spanish tried to help. I always wondered why slaves in America never tried to revolt against slavery cause the history I know only talks about certain people who tried to revolt. It was always made to believe that black slav es and Indians were to dum to from an army. Weather all this information is true or not because most of it is told from second hand stories and can not be accounted for, but I would like to believe that the natives did fight with the free blacks and slaves to save each other.Jackson, David H. , and Canter Brown. Tale of Angola Free Blacks, Red Stick Creeks, and International Intrigue in Spanish Southwest Florida, 1812-1821. Go Sound the Trumpet Selections in Floridas African American History. Tampa, FL University of Tampa for the Florida A & M University Dept. of History, Political Science/Public Administration, Geography, and African American Studies, 2005. 5-18. Print. Jessica Geralds AMH 2091. 7 Response Paper 1 09/11/2012

Handbook of Interpersonal Communication Essay

Interpersonal communication in the work ara, which is argued to be created and recreated by means narrative and as well as discourse, is an integral part of organizational change and the organization itself. For this reason, many organizations set their attentions fro researches on interpersonal communication. The oblige by Mark Knapp and John Daly is one article that will interest those who attempt to now more about interpersonal communication not only in the work place but interpersonal communication as a whole.The article of Phyl Johnson takes the readers to the important and highlighted aspects that can be found in the text written by Mark Knapp and John Daly about interpersonal communication amid peoples in organizations. This article offers the reader a glimpse of what the book is along with the different topics that the book offers by reviewing chosen chapter from the books and introducing its concepts to the readers.Also, Johnson illustrates the five main divisions of Kn app and Dalys article which are namely introduction, perspective on inquiry, fundamental units, processes and functions and contexts (Johnson 989). The introduction part of the article gives the reader an overview of what the article was all about as well as the side that the actor will take. They also introduce the issues that they find important in the field of interpersonal communication both in the present period and the time to come. Such issues include behavior as well as cognition, consciousness and intent, and meaning created in the text (Johnson 990).The next section of the text, perspective on inquiry, focuses on the different methods of inquiry that exist in communication research in which Johnson chose Bochners chapter, The Moral Stories, from the three chapters in the section. The chapter shows how the study of organizations and other handle rise in the usage of narrative analysis. The third section which is fundamental units, takes the readers in to the basics of co mmunication that serves as a starting point for readers that are newly interested in the field.Johnson takes into account the works of Burgoon and Hooblers text that tackles nonverbal signals that are either consciously or unconsciously sent inside organizations. The section helps in introducing the readers to nonverbal communication within organizations such as the use of visual bodily movement as well as the biases coordinated in nonverbal communications. The importance of verbal and as well as nonverbal communication is also highlighted in this chapter of the article by Knapp and Daly.The fourth chapter, the processes and functions, has half a dozen chapters discussing supportive communication, interpersonal conflict, interpersonal skills andemotional communication (Johnson 990). Johnson reviewed emotional communication from Metts nd Planalps dealing with emotions within the organizations that looks at motions in the context of conceptualisation as well as writing and gender r oles. Then it moves through different fields such as anthropology, philosophy and others (i. e. art, business, history, psychology and sociology).The last chapter, contexts, focuses on interpersonal communication as seen in different contexts which include the work place, health care as well as family relationships and romantic relationships in which the author chose to review the chapter by Sias, Krone and Jablin regarding workplace relationships from an ecological point of view. The chapter focuses on the different status relationship in the workplace as well as some ways in balancing the power and as well as maintaining the distance and dominance within the persons in the organization.As a closing remark, the author recommends the text by Knapp and Daly stating that it is a good accessible starting point (Johnson 993) for those who are interested in the micro level of organizations such as the communication (interpersonal communication) within organizations.Work CitedJohnson, Ph yl. Handbook of Interpersonal Communication. (Book Reviews). Organization Studies 24. 6 (July 2003) 989(4). InfoTrac Communication & Mass Media eCollection. Gale. CCLA, Miami Dade Comm College. 28 June 2008 .

Fast food vs home food Essay

This generation has many an(prenominal) battalion of all ages which are becoming more grievous simply because they are alimentation more betting nutriment than ingleside food. Restaurants and many other fast food places puddle foods that accept high in fat, sugar, and salt. Having a salubrious regular diet at blank space will keep you a fashion from many health problems. Also having fast food and on special occasions is fine as well. We all need food to survive, but we should learn to make wise decisions in what we eat for the stake of our health.In todays society the great unwashed are making it into a habit of detectting their hands on fast foods quite an that denture foods. Fast food can attract hoi polloi more than a home cooked meal. This is a very bad habit to make because we are demonstrate our children that it is alright to eat fast foods. For many young teens it is hard for them to say no to an attractive menu with such low cost. Americas children are know n to be obese and it is non because of the fast food industry, but because the parents are those not teaching the importance of eating the right foods.For many people fast food can be the only management that they can go on with their busy lives because they are always busy, on the go, and do not throw off the time to prepare a home cooked meal. Many people can just go to a drive thru after a ample day of work and be capable to feed their whole family in no time. Little do they know that the fast food industry is considered windburned and can lead to many health problems in their future. There are those, like me, who grew up in the tradition of eating home foods. Home food is oftentimes healthier than going out to eat to a fast food restaurant.It is healthier because it contains way less calories, sugars, sodium, fats, and carbohydrates. Plus when cooking your foods you are able to use good quality ingredients. Eating at home gives you options of different variety, and you are able to make the food in how you like it. In addition, when eating a home cooked meal you are able to use the freshest ingredients and not worry about bad condiments that the food may have. Even though people eat food at home, that does not mean that they are considered healthy.You always want to watch what foods you buy and the nutritional value of the product. When going to shop for groceries we have to be aware of the nutrition fact labels. This will give you a better understanding of what kind of ingredients you will be putting into your body. Other than fast foods, you have no idea what kind of ingredients that the food may contain. There is a big difference with the calorie intake of a home cooked meal than eating fast food. For example, if I were to make fries at home I would know to use a healthy kind of oil that way it will not have a ton of calories.Other than a fast food place the fries are usually fried with sleazy oil that is high in calories yet very tasty so that th e customer will come back for more. Eating fast food all(prenominal) once in a while I believe will not hurt you but too much of it can cause hard health problems. Many fast foods are known to consume the cheapest kind of ingredients, which can put many peoples health at risk. On the other hand when having a home cooked meal, you feel much better because you will enjoy your meal without thinking about the health risk.Many people love the idea of going out to eat because the food is really tasty and looks very delicious. There are many fast food restaurants that have value meals and it makes it even more affordable so people can buy. Also many people who do not like to cook would rather go to a fast food stop. Where I live there is a fast food restaurant nearly every 5 miles or to the exit of mostly every neighborhood. This makes it convenient for a lot people because it is close by. These fast food chains are known to have foods that contain high in fat and sodium which can lead t o obesity.In the US 1 out of 3 people are considered obese. The fatter you get, more probably you are to be at risk in having chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart attack, and arthritis. These high levels of fat and sodium can in like manner suffer to heart disease and can cause your blood cholesterol levels to rise and your arteries can lead to build ups of plaque. Preparing meals at home benefits in many ways. fanciful cooking skills are bound to improve remarkably as you learn delightful ways to cook with flavorful and healthy ingredients. I know many people do not cook simply because they do not how.Which is a bad thing because most likely they are to go and get a fast food meal. Also when you eat more home cooked meals it can help trim the waistline of many obese people. Children who eat home food are likely those who grow up with healthy eating habits. This is beneficial because they can also learn to limit their portion size and also know how to use the different ingre dients and healthy products. Parents should consider in teaching their children the importance of eating right that way they grow up with the dynamics of healthy eating.In conclusion, we know what is best for our health we should consider keeping it as a lifestyle to eat the right foods. Both fast food and home cooked food have their differences. Fast food may seem more affordable and convenient but a home cooked meal is made with much better quality. I personally believe that home food is much superior to fast foods. Eating home food will keep my head from thinking of all the health problems. Promptly it is up to us to choose the right foods to eat. I would much rather go with home food that way I will live a long healthy life.

Undoubtedly considerable changes in policing

The area of policing in developed countries has seen a essential growth in interest among stakeholders forcing curious minds to flounder through WebPages and archives in search for life-sustaining information about the systems of policing and new trends.Undoubtedly, considerable changes in policing have occurred recently for reasons such as meliorate technology, change in culture and expectations of the citizens, increased knowledge, among others. Notably, different countries have different policing system depending on the objectives of the bucolic and its historical tolerateground. (Manning 2005)Brief historyPolicing in the UK has been in existence for centuries i.e. since the Saxon times. However, modern policing systems can be dated back to the beginnings of the 19th century, w here law enforcers were appointed in localized areas. Originally, the guards law of natured towns in order to ensure that curfews were adhered to and to contain riots.For representative the Edinburgh town guard in 1682, Marine police, Glasgow police which were all formed in the late eighteenth century. In fact the first police in UK was the city of Glasgow police formed under the Glasgow police wager in the 1800. The police was a publicly funded program from local tax payers money and its art was to prevent crime.The success of this force in that localized area was followed by its subsequent adoption in other areas. Additionally, committees were appointed to investigate of the policing in these areas from 1812-1822 and their findings and recommendations paved way for the incorporation of the metropolitan police Act 1829 under the instruction of Robert Peel, the whence Home secretary.Following the passing of this Act the Metropolitan police was founded. Hirschel, David J. and William Wakefield. 1995The policing structure here was highly bureaucratic rigorous and hierarchal. Their duty still remained to prevent crime and trail law breakers, in an unrestricted approach. The poli ce of those days did not carry any armament due to the previous fears inseparable in citizens by the red dressed armies who used firearms and brutality to enforce laws.Therefore, their weaponry was limited to batons. Their akin was navy blue in color, a sharp distinction from that of the phalanx, although there were also plain-clothed police detectives yet few in number. These differences were in part to create a clear distinction of police from civilians/army and also to eschew the potential of generating fear from civilians. Of course after the establishment of Metropolitan police in Britain, other states followed suit.In 1857, the general police Act in Scotland mandated the formation of country police force in every country, in 1856, England and Wale passed the country and Borough Act which required that police forces be created throughout England and Wales Ireland followed in1877 by forming the Royal Irish constabulary. (www.britannica.com)Soon all the states in the United K ingdom had enforced law enforcement unit (police forces) which since then have undergone reforms to improver efficacy and to streamline the mandates and responsibility of the police force.The US police system borrowed from that of its colonizers the Europeans so they have an array of similarity. The first police force in the US was found in capital of Massachusetts and in New York as established in 1838 and 1844 respectively. However the first professionalized police force started in California, under August Vollmer and Wilson O.E then police chief.

Case Study †Angus Cartwright III Essay

I. Case OverviewAngus Cartwright III, an coronation advisor, was asked to provide investment advisory services for two clients, John DeRight and Judy DeRight. They some(prenominal) wanted to purchase a property that (1) is bigger enough to attract the interest of a victor real estate management company and (2) has a minimum leveraged issue on their investments of 12% after tax income. Their major goals are Diversification of investment portfolio security from future inflationTake some tax advantages (especi eithery for John)Mr. Cartwright selected quadruple properties and performed various financial analyses to best scar the needs of his clients with the characteristics ofthe properties and the returns they offered.II. Assessment of the Analyses and AssumptionsCartwright employed three stages of analysis Preliminary outline (Exhibit 1 to 3), Risk Analysis (Exhibit 4) and Financial Analysis (Exhibit 5 to 10). Preliminary Analysis starts with gathering key facts and data such as purchase prices, current and future income, depreciation, dependd sales price and exchange f brokens, loan and its rate and amortization, taxes and etc. The foremost year setups (Exhibit 2) for for each one property were developed and major comparable statistics (Exhibit 3) were calculated. Such analyses serve as a foundation for identifying directions and strategies for further detailed analysis, including financial analysis, physical inspection and an examination of day-to-day operations of authorization investment properties. Risk Analysis consisting of a review of financial leverage (loan to value ratio) and operating happen (debt coverage ratio) can help a real estate investor to weigh the level of risks in similarity to his investment objectives.In this case, Fowler had the highest leverage of 74.47%, while Alison Green had the highest Debt Coverage Ratio of 2, followed by Ivy Terrace(1.92), flint Walk(1.46) and Fowler(1.26). The cushions they had are all sufficient for most lenders. The Break-Even Analysis, shown in Exhibit 4, was valuable to understand how a delicate change in occupancy levels can make a corresponding change in a propertys financial performance most real state analysis assume the sign occupancy rate to remain at the same level through the investment period. Once all the relevant and key financial data is gathered, a number of effective financial analyses were performed they are groovyization rate on both purchase and sale, cash-on-cash return rate, Internal Rate of redeem (IRR), Net salute Value (NPV), Profitability Index and Cash Flow Analysis.The Quality of the financial analysis outcome intemperately depends on the pure tone and accuracy of implicit assumptions utilize. However, applying financial analysis is still the best way to estimate the future performance of investment properties and comparing or prioritizing multiple investment opportunities. IRR is the most important and ofttimes used investment analysis indicator. Understanding various components of an IRR (Exhibit 8, 9 and 10) can help to carefully see the timing, the sequence and size of events within an investment that willimpact the performance/outcome of the investments. In his analysis, Cartwright used the sideline assumptionsAnnual increase in cash flow from operations 4% for Fowler and 3% for the others. vacuity rate 5% for Alison Green and Stony Walk, 7% for the others. Capital halt $250 per apartment p.a., timing of when to pay out the reserve and its tax implication Sufficient funding of the equity investmentTax laws remain persistent with ordinary tax rates 35% Capital gain tax rate 15% tax rate on the depreciation related gain 25% Cartwright made, in general, conservative assumptions to simplify his analysis, and therefore, no particular assumption stood out to be unreasonable. As a continuing effort to improve quality of his assumptions, we could revisit and review his assumptions with the chase generic questio ns Is 3% or 4% increase in cash flow reasonable in current market/economic condition? How realistic is it to negotiate a rental guarantee with developers to be at 93% occupancy rate?How realistic is it that the capital reserve will remain at the same level for the next 10 years? How realistic is it that the leasehold remuneration will remain at the same level for the next 10 years? Should there be any significant changes in the outcome of the analysis, if the timing of the reserve disbursement is not assumed to be at the end of the lease term? Will there be any trend or expected government legislating new tax laws that will have significant impact on real estate investments?All properties appear to be large enough to attract the interest of professional real estate management companies and all exceeded the minimum leveraged return on investments of 12% after tax. On the simple return measures, Stony Walk had the highest Capital Rate on Purchase where Fowler ranked at the highest i n Capital rate on Sales Alison which had a high cash flow with low vacancy rate, and thus a high effective gross income was ranked in first for the Cash-on-Cash Return Fowler which was still under construction and appeared to be undervalued had largest increase in capital value. On the discount return measures, Fowler had the highest IRR at 15.38 while Stony Walk had the lowest rate at 14.54, with a difference of 0.84Alison had largest NPV with a difference of $115K comparing with the lowest NPV Fowler which required the smallest equity investment had the highest Profitability Index. While the two residential properties have higher returns from their on-going cash flows, the increase in the investment value of the other two commercial message properties will come from future value increase see Exhibit 9. Completed exhibits for all four properties are included in the Appendix. The relevant analysis of other financial exhibits is integrated in the following chapter as reasoning of t he recommendations.IV. RecommendationsIf we simply select an investment choice based on the highest IRR rate, Fowler should be recommended for both clients. However, as we better understand the components of the IRR (see Exhibit 9 in Appendix), we should try to best match each clients ultimate investment goal to distinct character of each property quite of recommending an investment base only on the highest IRR rate. Exhibit 9. Percent of Total Benefits (IRR)For John, our team recommends Alison Green with the following reasons John is a retired, passive investor who wants to live comfortably from stable income/returns from the savings he accumulated, and was particularly implicated in taking advantage of the new tax law, which will give him a favorable capital gains tax. As we can see from the breakdown of IRR, Alison Green and Ivy Terrace were communicate to have higher looker income streams than the other two properties. Between them, Alison, although with a lightly swallow I RR, has a good deal higher tax benefit than the Ivy. Alison requires a higher initial equity investment than Ivy. However, Alison is estimated to be measured more at the end of 10 year and therefore will produce higher capital gain. Since John wants to take advantage of the new tax law and pay his capital gains at the saucily enacted 15% rate, Alison is a better choice than Ivy.For Judy, our team recommends Fowler Building with the followingreasons Unlike John, Judy is an active decision maker who can be a more aggressive investor and has some available fund for outside investment to diversify her portfolio. She may not care about the stable incoming cash flow as much as John. She will be more tolerant on any fluctuations such as a short-term, negative operating risks such as lower occupancy rate or lower investment value at the beginning as long as her investment will appreciate adequately at the end. We consider Judy as an investor focused more on growth than value/steady incom e seeking investor, and therefore we recommend Fowler because of its highest Profitability Index (=NPV/Equity).

A Strange Encounter

It was a effected evening at the Gladwyne Pharmacy. Preparing for our closure, I was organizing the register receipts from the day to save myself from ancillary labor the sideline morning. 657PM only three more minutes before I can finally reaping home after an extensive, demanding afternoon. Contrary to the ordinary occurrence, our regular last-minute customers were not swarming in the door. Initially, I took this as a good sign today may mark the first time I turn off work punctually. But, lo and behold, my expectations did not match the true exposition.A man walks in at least my height, perchance taller, and significantly stronger. He was completely unfamiliar to me I assumed he must not be from the area. He flounced his way in my direction as if under heavy influence of drugs or alcohol. A strong scent of whiskey filled the air as he neared. Instantaneously, I knew this man would be a problem. Give me these drugs now he clamors as he slams his gargantuan fist on the counter . It unfurls to come across a crumpled sticky note with a short list of narcotics written upon it in pencil.I briskly replied with the standard protocol response for a situation such as this These drugs require a straitlaced doctor-written prescription for us to give them to you. I could ascertain that he was not satisfied with my rejoinder. This is where my once-regular day at work began to look more on the abysmal side. With an even more irate expression on his face than before, the man reached with his other hand towards his waist. At this point he was obviously insinuating towards his possession of a weapon. Unreasonably, he demanded to speak to i of our administrators.I informed him that none of them were present, but if he so wished I could hit them via telephone and have him speak directly to them. This was out(a)rageous to the man, and for some reason engendered even further exacerbation from him. Our only pharmacist on duty that night had been eavesdropping from the beginning, and thought it necessary to call our owner. She came out and politely handed the man the phone with our owner on the line. A second later, the phone was in pieces on the ground. The man approached me again, this time with a newfound ambition in his eyes.Noticing that both of our register drawers were ajar, he enjoined that I give him all of their contents. Ill take all of the money or all of these drugs, or you will have a problem I rapidly fabricated this retort You, sir, are the one with a problem the local police are en route as we speak. Without hesitation, the man bolted out of the pharmacy, and was arrested later that night for DUI. I was commended and received a pay-raise for my bravery. That improbable night I learned never to succumb to another persons demands, even if your life depends on it.

A Term Paper on an Analysis on the Comparison

This report, an abridgment on the equation of customer satisfaction between Grahame environ & Beanlike has been prepared to fulfill the partial indispensability of ABA program. While preparing this report, I had great opportunity to dupe an in depth intimacy of activities, especi every(prenominal)y on the research method actingology . This report brings helps to develop our ground about formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses. At set-back we bring in 50 large numbers person entropy then rise up out the customer of the gap affirmrolling. Hen we comparison of the customer satisfaction. This research improves our knowledge, skills ability. In ABA program on the course BUS 405 Research methodological analysis for vocation is very important things. Students know about the research. Knowledge of research not only helps one to brass at the available information In sophisticated and creative ports in the fast-paced worldwide environment that business race still this kn owledge also helps In other ways. Modern technology has made research an ex stall(a)ent and a relatively smooth process.Today a personal computer with a modem or all means to an internet connection places one within easy reach of knowledge of what happening in the global environment. Technology has facilitated the research process and decision making. 1. 2 Objective * To pick out the satisfaction level To Identify the mean(a) exp breakiture * To identify the burden level * To identify the average per minute visit option charge of BAL happy chance connection to lectors opinion * To identify analysis that bustling echo is playing a signifi stoolt role in the economic development of Bangladesh. . 3 Methodology Methodology is very important useful thing in a report. Methodology is a guideline trunk for salving a problem with specific components. such(prenominal) us phases, task, Method, techniques tools. on that point are two sources of entropy collection * Primary sour ces thither are several method of collecting data The observation method is the aroundly commonly used method in studied relating to behavioral sciences. In a way we all observe things around us, but this sort observation is not is scientific observation.Observation be heralds a scientific tool and the method of data collection for the researcher when it serves a formulated research purpose is consistently planned and recorded and is subjected to checks and controls on validity band reliability. 2. Interview The interview method of collecting data involves presentation of oral verbal stimuli and reply in terms of oral verbal responses. This method squirt be used through and through and through arsenal interviews. 3.Through questionnaires The method of collecting data by mailing the questionnaires to respondents is most extensively employed in various economic and business surveys. The merits claimed on behalf of this method are as follows a) There is low cost even when the univ erse so large and is widely spread geographically b) It is free from the bias of the interviewer answers are in respondent own words, c) Respondents cede adequate time to trust well thought out answers. D) Large samples clear be made use of and thus the results butt be made more dependable and reliable. 4. Through the schedulesThis method of data collection is very oftentimes like the collection of data through questionnaire with little difference which lies in the fact that schedules are cosmos filled in by the enumerators who are specially appointed for purpose. These enumerators along with schedules go to respondents put to them the questions from the Performa in the order the questions are listed and record the replies in the space meant of the alike(p) Performa. Ins certain situation schedules may be handed over the respondents and enumerators may help them in recording their answers to various questions in the said schedules.Enumerators rationalize the aims and objects of the investigation and also remove the difficulties which any respondent may feel in earning the implications of a particular question or the definition of concept of difficult terms. 5. Discussion with the officer with the officer of BAL GAP * Secondary sources 1. Annual report of BAL GAP 2. Various document s from BAL GAP 3. Different websites, books 4. immanent record 1. 4 Scope . This report, an analysis on the comparison of customer satisfaction between Grahame Phone Beanlike. T has been prepared to fulfill the partial acquirement of ABA program. While preparing this report, I had great opportunity to accept an in depth knowledge of activities, especially on the research methodology . This report brings helps to develop our understanding about formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses. At initial we collect 50 peoples person data then find out the customer of the gap & bankrolling. Then we comparison of the customer satisfaction. This research improves our knowledge , skills & ability. Important things. 1. Limitation On the way of the report, an analysis on the comparison of customer satisfaction teen Grahame Phone & Beanlike, I set about the following problems, which may be termed as the limitations of the study. The major limitations of this study are given as follows I. There were some restrictions to have access to the information confidential by concern people ii. Some of the people cannot share their actual information. Iii. I have no proper experience to do this kind of report. So, soreness creates obstacle to follow the systematic and logical research methodology.Part 2 Overview of the cellular phone Industry 2. 1 history of the industry Grahame phone gramophone, widely known as GAP, is the jumper lead telecommunications service admitr in Bangladesh. With more than 32 zillion subscribers (as of June 2011) gramophone is the largest cellular street girl in the commonwealth. It is a Joint enter enterprisingness between Telethon and Grahame Telecoms Corporation, a non-profit sister concern of the internationally acclaimed micromanage organization and community development bank Grahame Bank. Telethon, the largest telecommunications company in Norway, owns 55. % shares of Gramophone, Grahame Telecoms owns 34. 2% and the remaining 10% is publicly held. Gramophone was the first company to bring GSM technology in Bangladesh. It also established the first 24-hour Call Center to support its subscribers. With the slogan preserve Close, stated goal of Gramophone is to provide affordable telephony to the entire population of Bangladesh. The idea of providing worldwide industrious phone access throughout Bangladesh, including its rural welkins, was originally conceived by Cabal quadric surface, who is soon the begetter and director of telegram Center for Development and Entrepreneurship at MIT.He was inspired by the Grahame Bank microcircuit pose and envisioned a business model where a cell phone can revere as a source of income. After leaving his Job as an investment banker in the United States, Quadric traveled back to Bangladesh, after meeting and successfully raising money from New York suitcased investor and philanthropist Joshua Mailman, and worked for three years gaining support from various organizations including Nobel Peace Prize laureate Muhammad Yuans of Grahame Bank and the Norwegian phone company, Telephone was finally successful in forming a consortium with Telethon and Grahame Bank to establish Gramophone.Quadric remained a stockholder of Gramophone until 2004. Gramophone received evidence for cellular phone exercise in Bangladesh from the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications on November 28, 1996. Gramophone started operations on offered a mobile-to-mobile connectivity (widely known as GAP-GAP connection), which created a lot of enthusiasm among the users. It became the first operator to reach the million subscriber milestone as well as ten million subscriber milest one in Bangladesh. November 28, 1996 Gramophone Ltd. Received cellular license by the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of Bangladesh.March 26, 1997 Gramophone launched its service on the Independence Day of Bangladesh. June 1998 Gramophone started its services in Chitchatting, the second largest city and the port city of Bangladesh. kiosk to cell coverage between Dacha-Chitchatting was established. 1999 Gramophone started its service in Chula, the industrial city of Bangladesh. Also cell to cell coverage between Dacha and Chula brought a number of other districts under coverage. 2000 Gramophone started its services in Rajahs, the education city of Bangladesh.Service also started in Sylphs and Barista and thus all six divisional headquarters got the cellular network coverage for the first time Bangladesh. August 2003 Gramophones subscribes base has become more than one million. Gramophone became the first operator in the country to reach the million subscribers. November 200 5 Gramophone registered more than 5 million subscribers. November 5, 2006 Gramophone crosses the 10 million subscriber mark after almost ten years of operation. folk 20, 2007 Gramophone reaches 15 million subscribers mark.June 2008 Gramophone reaches 20 million subscribers frontier. On the November 16, 2006 GAP formally changed its logo to match its produce company Telethons logo. According o GAP the new logo symbolizes trust, reliability, quality and eonian progress. The name Gramophone was kept as part of the new identity because the name Gramophone carries with it all of the heritage, success and values of the companys past, added the then CEO of Gramophone Erik As. Bankrolling Bankrolling is the second largest cellular service provider in Bangladesh after Gramophone.As of November, 2009, Bankrolling has a subscriber base of 12. 99 million. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of rococo Telecoms. Bankrolling had 1. 03 million connections until December, 2005. The number of Bankrol ling users increased by 257 per cent and stood at 3. 64 million at the end of 2006, making it the fastest growing operator in the world of that year. In August, 2006, Bankrolling became the first company to provide free incoming calls from BUTT for both erectpaid and prepaid connections. On August 20, 2008, Bankrolling got past the landmark of 10 million subscriber base.Sheep Telecoms(Pat Ltd)-after talking lots- finally was granted license in 1989 to operate in the rural areas of 199 piazzas. Later it obtained GSM license in 1996 to extend its business to cellular mobile, radio telephone services. It launched operation in the last quarter of 1997 as a Bangladesh-Malaysia Joint venture. In July, 2004, it was reported that Egypt based fancy Telecoms is set to purchase the Malaysian stakes in Sheep Telecoms through a hush-hush deal, as Sheep had failed to intercept the business potentials in Bangladesh mainly due to a chronic feud between its Malaysian and Bangladesh partners.An b alance was reached with Rococo worth IIS$25 million was finalized in secret. The pact has been kept secret for legal reasons, considering dealings was the Joint venture agreement between the Bangladesh and the Malaysian ratters, which dictates that if any party sells its Sheep shares, the other party allow enjoy the first right to buy that. Integrated Services Ltd. (SSL), the Bangladesh partner, was being officially shown as get the shares held by Technology Resources Industries URI) of Malaysia for $15 million.SSL then paid some other $10 million to Standard hired Bank to settle Sabas liabilities. In September, 2004, Rococo Telecoms Holdings purchased 100% of the shares of Sheep Telecoms (Pat. ) Limited (Sheep). It was acquired for IIS$60 million. Sheep had a base of 59,000 users, of whom 49,000 were rhythmical when it was sold. Afterward it was re-branded and launched its services under the Bankrolling brand on February 10, 2005. Bankrollings license is a nationwide 15-year G SM license and will expire in November, 2011. In March, 2008, Sheep Telecoms (Pat. Limited changed its name as Rococo Telecoms Bangladesh Limited, matching its parent company name 2. 2 mission & vision of the companies Mission & vision of GAP The gramophone Ltd aims at providing reliable, widespread, convenient mobile and cast effective telephone services to the people in Bangladesh irrespective of where they live. Such services will also help Bangladesh keep pace with other entries including those in south Africa arena and reduce her existing disparity in telecoms services between urban & rural area. To be leading provider of telecommunication services with satisfied customers and share holder and enthusiastic employees. Mission & vision of BAL Bankrolling aims to understand peoples postulate best and develop appropriate communication services to improve peoples life and make it simple. exclusively our work is aimed towards meeting our vision. All members of the bankrolling fam ily are highly passionate individuals, fully committed to achieving the vision that we have set ourselves. Our customers needs matter most to us- making their life simple and improving it is all we want.To understand our vision is achieved, we have set ourselves a few values, we want to be Straight Forward, Reliable, Innovative, Passionate. All the bankrolling family members have one thing in common- a passion to serve. We want to go that extra mile, so that you can have the best possible service. Limiting in the future of Bangladesh. 2. 3 commercialize invention Market invention of GAP According to Gramophone, it has so far invested more than drub 10,700 core (USED 1. 6 billion) to flesh the network infrastructure since 1997.It has invested over BAT 3,100 core (USED 450 million) during the first three quarters of 2007 while BAT 2,100 core (USED 310 million) was invested in 2006 alone. Gramophone has built the largest cellular network in the country with over 10,000 base statio ns in more than 5700 locations. Presently, nearly 98 percent of the countrys population is within the coverage area of the Gramophone network. The entire Gramophone network is also EDGE/GAPS enabled, allowing access to dial-up quality speed net profit and data services from anywhere within the coverage area. There are currently nearly 3 millionEDGE/GAPS users in the Gramophone network. Market invention of bal Bankrolling offers a wide range of products and services to suit the needs of the dedicated enterprise relationship manager who provides them with personalized customer care round the clock. Other benefits of enterprise include customized megabuckss with attractive call charges and connection price, enterprise SMS broadcast, enterprise short code, international roaming, missed call alerts, free voice mail retrieval, fax and data service, call conferencing, special offer for family members and many more. It was first launched in December, 2006.The current packages are * enterp rise corporate targeted at the corporate segment * enterprise have the appearance _or_ semblance targeted at the SEEM segment * enterprise personal Prior to the launch of Bankrolling enterprise, Bankrolling served the business clientele through a similar platform named Bankrolling professional. 2. 4 Products Description Gramophone was the first operator to introduce the pre-paid mobile phone service in Bangladesh in September 1999. It offers the pre-paid subscription under the name Easy Prepaid which is currently called shoji ,Bond ,Upon, smile, sponsor, Business Solution prepaid.Besides shoji, Bond, Upon, smile, sponsor, Business Solution, Gramophone also offers a youth based mobile to mobile connectivity within Bangladesh named deduce. Gramophone also offers postpaid mobile service. Explore Postpaid is the name of its post paid service. Internet Gramophone provides internet service in its coverage area. As it has EDGE/GAPS enabled network, any subscriber can access to internet th rough this network. Gramophone was the first mobile operator in Bangladesh to offer EDGE services to its subscribers. Bill Pay A service to enable users to pay their service bills Electricity/Gas through mobile.Cell Bazaar Services to enable users sell or buy products through mobile or internet. Various other services like Stock Information, Instant Messaging, SMS Based Alerts/ Services, Voice-based Services, Downloads, Music, cricket Updates, Web SMS, Mobile Backup etc. Bankrolling currently offers two prepaid plans. All the prepaid plans come in two phases-?Standard and MM. All connections provide GAPS to subscribers. Des, with the slogan Eek Des Eek Rate (means one country one rate ), is one of the cheapest prepaid plans in the country by tariff. Users of Des can call any mobile operator at 0. Take during 12 AM to 5 PM. It also has three Fan numbers. Des was launched on September 14, 2006. Des rang is launched as a brand extension to meliorate the brand of Des. Rang is a Benga li word which means color. It is introduced with the catch phrase-?Ranging Din Pan Jawbone (misdemeanors your life. ). This package is beneficial for customers who mainly make calls to their own network and are heavy SMS users. It offers four on-net Fan numbers, but no off-net Fan number. Regular prepaid was the first package Bankrolling had to offer. It is currently unavailable in the market. Ladies, first Tit the slogan Shampooer Network (means network of relationships), was tailored for women. It was launched on September 3, 2005. It had introduced 1 second neural impulse for the first time in the prepaid market. It offered four Fan numbers. It is currently unavailable in the market. Be linked Was launched on November 16, 2005. It was later taken over by Des package as all thebe linked Customers were automatically migrated to Des. Currently there are three postpaid plans from which is a subset of much bigger Bankrolling enterprise. All packages come with T&T local, NOD KIDS and e-KIDS connectivity.Part 3 Research Methodologies . 1 Review of books * To demonstrate a familiarly with a body of knowledge and establish credibility. * To know the path of previous research and how a current research project link to it. To integrate and summarize what is known in an area. * To learn from others and stimulate new ideas. * Identification of variables. * Helps in developing theoretical framework. 3. 2 Determining Variables obviously defined, variable is a concept that varies. The values can differ at various times for the same object or person, or at the same time for different object or persons. There are two types of concepts.These are Concept refers to a fixed phenomenon * Concepts that those varies in quantity, Intensity or occur The 2nd type of concept and measure of concept are variable. Because variable represents a quality that can exhibit difference in value, usually magnitude or strength, it may be said that a variable generally is anything that may assu me different numerical or categorical values. For example * Gender(male, female) * marital status (Married, Unmarried ,widowed ,Divorced) * Family income * Attitude toward women empowerment(highly favorable-highly unfavorable) There are several types of Variables.There are Dependent Variable * self-sustaining Variable * Continuous Variable * Discontinuous Variable * Moderating Variable * Intervening Variables * Extraneous Variables * relationship Among Variables 3. 3 Constructing theoretical framework The theoretical framework is the foundation on which the entire research project is based. It I logically developed, described and elaborated network of associations among the variable deemed relevant to the problem situation and identify through such processes as interviews, Observation and literature survey. Experience and intuition also guide in developing the theoretical framework.The components of the theoretical framework 1 . The variables considered relevant to the study shoul d be clearly set and labeled in the discussions 2. The discussions should state how two or more variables are related to one another This should be dome for the important direction of the relationships can be theorized on the basis of the finding s of previous research, then there should be an indication in the discussions as to whether the relationships would be positive or negative. 4. There should be a clear explanation of why we would expect these relationships to exist.